Chili
Description
Chili, also known as chili pepper or chilli, is the fruit of plants from the genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade family, Solanaceae. Chili peppers are widely used in many cuisines as a spice to add heat to dishes. The substances that give chili peppers their intensity when ingested or applied topically are capsaicin and related compounds known as capsaicinoids.
Common uses
Chili peppers are commonly used to add a piquant flavor to dishes, they are also used to make spices, such as paprika, cayenne, and chili powder, which can range in heat level from mild to extremely hot. In addition to whole or diced chilies, hot sauces and pastes, like sriracha and sambal, are also popular condiments around the world.
Nutritional value
Calories
Raw chili peppers are very low in calories, with 18 calories per 100 grams or about 6 calories per chili (roughly 45 grams).
Protein
Chili peppers contain about 0.9 grams of protein per 100 grams (<0.15 oz per 3.5 oz), which contributes to daily protein intake.
Fat
They are virtually fat-free, with only 0.2 grams of fat per 100 grams (0.007 oz per 3.5 oz).
Carbohydrates
Chili peppers contain 8.8 grams of carbohydrates per 100 grams (0.31 oz per 3.5 oz), including dietary fiber.
Vitamins
Chili peppers are rich in vitamin C, with one medium-sized pepper providing more than 100% of the recommended daily intake. They also contain vitamins A, E, K, and B6.
Minerals
Chili peppers offer a variety of minerals including potassium, manganese, iron, and magnesium.
Health benefits
The capsaicin in chili peppers has been shown to have analgesic properties, and their high vitamin C content supports the immune system. Eating chilies can also boost metabolism, and may have cardiovascular benefits. However, more research is needed to fully understand these effects.
Potential risks
Consuming high amounts of chili, especially very hot variants, can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort for some people. Additionally, capsaicin can cause a burning sensation if it comes into contact with skin or eyes.
Common recipes
Chili peppers are used in a variety of dishes such as curries, soups, stews, chili con carne, and salsas.
Cooking methods
They can be used fresh, dried, powdered, or as a paste, and can be roasted, sautéed, or used raw in dishes.
Pairing with other ingredients
Chilies pair well with meats, legumes, dairy (such as cheese and yogurt to balance heat), and other spices like cumin, garlic, and oregano.
Summary
Chili peppers are a versatile ingredient that adds both heat and depth of flavor to a dish. They have been integrated into cuisines around the world and can be used in an array of culinary applications. Despite their fiery reputation, chilies also offer various health benefits, though they should be consumed in moderation due to their potential risks.